Visual acuity and visual field as a function of disease duration in patients with birdshot chorioretinitis.

BACKGROUND: Birdshot chorioretinitis (BSCR) is a chronic bilateral posterior uveitis, which can affect central as well as peripheral vision. The aim of this study was to assess how visual acuity and visual field evolved over time in patients with BSCR. METHODS: This was a prospective, observational, single-centre study based on data from the CO-BIRD cohort. Patient visits were categorised based on the time elapsed since the first symptoms, and groups of patients with different disease duration were defined. The main outcome measures were the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), the mean deviation (MD) and the standard pattern deviation (PSD). RESULTS: The study included 447 Caucasian patients (181 males and 266 females), all of whom HLA-A29 carriers. From onset to 30 years of disease duration, the number of patients in each consecutive 5-year period was 237, 250, 196, 147, 78 and 32, respectively. Overall, the range of visual acuity and visual field results increased with disease duration. BCVA gradually decreased and showed a significant decline after 11-15 years after the first symptoms. Among the visual field indices, PSD significantly increased after 16-20 years, while MD showed a significant decline after 21-25 years. No major gender differences were found in visual outcomes, indicating comparable severity. The intereye correlations of MD and PSD were stronger than those of BCVA. CONCLUSIONS: BSCR resulted in a large heterogeneity of visual outcomes, which increased with time. Our data provide an overview of the visual consequences of BSCR as a function of disease duration.

ANCA-associated scleritis: impact of ANCA on presentation, response to therapy and outcome.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the characteristics, treatment and outcome of isolated ANCA-associated scleritis at diagnosis compared with idiopathic scleritis with negative ANCA tests. METHODS: This retrospective multicentre case-control study was performed within the French Vasculitis Study Group (FVSG) network and in three French tertiary ophthalmologic centres. Data from patients with scleritis without any systemic manifestation and with positive ANCA results were compared with those of a control group of patients with idiopathic scleritis with negative ANCA tests. RESULTS: A total of 120 patients, including 38 patients with ANCA-associated scleritis and 82 control patients, diagnosed between January 2007 and April 2022 were included. The median follow-up was 28 months (IQR 10-60). The median age at diagnosis was 48 years (IQR 33-60) and 75% were females. Scleromalacia was more frequent in ANCA-positive patients (P = 0.027) and 54% had associated ophthalmologic manifestations, without significant differences. ANCA-associated scleritis more frequently required systemic medications, including glucocorticoids (76% vs 34%; P < 0.001), and rituximab (P = 0.03) and had a lower remission rate after the first- and second-line treatment. Systemic ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) occurred in 30.7% of patients with PR3- or MPO-ANCA, after a median interval of 30 months (IQR 16.3-44). Increased CRP >5 mg/l at diagnosis was the only significant risk factor of progression to systemic AAV [adjusted hazard ratio 5.85 (95% CI 1.10, 31.01), P = 0.038]. CONCLUSION: Isolated ANCA-associated scleritis is mostly anterior scleritis with a higher risk of scleromalacia than ANCA-negative idiopathic scleritis and is more often difficult to treat. One-third of patients with PR3- or MPO-ANCA scleritis progressed to systemic AAV.

MACULAR ATROPHY AFTER MACULAR HOLE SURGERY ASSISTED BY MEMBRANE BLUE DUAL: A CASE SERIES.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to describe the clinical and multimodal imaging findings in patients with macular atrophy after macular hole surgery assisted by Membrane Blue Dual. METHOD: This study is a monocenter, retrospective, observational case series that included patients who presented with macular atrophy following macular hole surgery. RESULTS: Among the patients included in this study, four were operated for idiopathic macular hole and one for total retinal detachment associated with macular hole. In all patients, the internal limiting membrane was brittle and adherent, and multiple stains were required. One month postoperatively, all patients showed a reduced visual acuity except the patient with total retinal detachment. At fundus examination all patients showed patchy atrophy with a mottled hypopigmented and hyperpigmented appearance in the macular region. Optical coherence tomography scans demonstrated a closed macular hole with retinal thinning, disruption of the external retinal layers, and irregular retinal pigment epithelium thickening. Fundus autofluorescence showed a well-defined area of both hypoautofluorescence and hyperautofluorescence involving the macular area. CONCLUSION: Macular atrophy after Membrane Blue Dual-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling represents a severe complication that vitreoretinal surgeons should be aware of and that should be taken into account in preoperative evaluation and surgical procedure planning. To reduce the risk of this complication, we recommend to ensure the best conditions of visibility, to reduce as much as possible the intensity and the distance of the endoillumination from the retina, and to use as little dye as possible.

Impact of a handpiece with a built-in fluidics pressure sensor on phacoemulsification: a multicentre prospective comparative study.

OBJECTIVE: We assessed whether the immediate pressure adjustments provided by a phacoemulsification handpiece with a built-in pressure sensor (Active Sentry, AS) could decrease the amount of energy delivered in the eye during cataract surgery. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The Study of Active Sentry in Cataract Surgery was a multicentre prospective clinical trial. The Centurion system (Alcon Labs) was used and we compared phacoemulsifications performed with the AS handpiece with procedures using a sensor placed in the phacoemulsifier (non-AS). The primary outcome measure was the cumulative dissipated energy (CDE) used during the procedures. The secondary outcome measures were the total, longitudinal and torsional ultrasound (US) times, the duration of the surgery and the amount of fluid used during the surgeries. RESULTS: The study analysed 1432 (800 AS and 632 non-AS) procedures. The mean patient age was 72.4±10.0 years. The median CDE was respectively 6.3 (IQR 3.5-9.9) and 6.7 (IQR 4.5-11.5) with and without AS (p=0.0001). The median US time was, respectively, 48.0 s (IQR 34.0-68.0) and 55.0 s (IQR 38.0-80.0) with and without AS (p<0.0001). Torsional and longitudinal US times were reduced with AS. The median duration of the procedure was, respectively, 9.0 min (IQR 7.0-12.0) and 10.0 min (IQR 7.0-13.0) (p=0.0002) with and without AS. The median balanced salt solution volume used was 52.0 cm3 (IQR 41.0-72.0) and 57.0 cm3 (IQR 42.0-81.0) with and without AS (p=0.0018). CONCLUSION: The phacoemulsifications performed with a pressure sensor built in the handpiece delivered less energy in the eye and were shorter. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04732351.

Incidence of Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy following cataract surgery: a population-based nation-wide study - FreYAG1 study.

RATIONALE: Nd:YAG (neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet) capsulotomy (Nd:YAG-caps) is the gold standard for the treatment of PCO (Posterior Capsule Opacification). There is a lack of real-world data about Nd:YAG-caps use. PURPOSE: This study's objectives were to estimate Nd:YAG-caps incidence in France, to describe the patient characteristics, and to analyze the time between surgeries and capsulotomies. SETTING: The study was based on data extracted from the EGB database, a 1/97th sample representative of the French population. DESIGN: observational, retrospective, cohort study using national claims data. METHODS: French adult patients who underwent Nd:YAG-caps between 2014 and 2017 were selected. Main outcomes were the number of patients and procedures performed and the risk factors associated with early Nd:YAG-caps. RESULTS: During the study period, Nd:YAG-caps were performed in 8,425 patients accounting for 10,774 procedures. The extrapolation to the French population led to estimate that 253.103 patients had Nd:YAG-caps, representing 312.103 procedures in 2017. The mean age at Nd:YAG-caps was 75.1 (± 10.2) years. About 36% of patients presented at least one ocular comorbidity. Nd:YAG-caps was performed within 2 years after surgery in 33.0% of patients and within one year in 9.8% of patients. Patients with Nd:YAG-caps within the first year (OR CI95 0.721 [0.673-0.772]) or in the first two years (OR CI95 0.721 [0.673-0.772]) were younger than patients with later Nd:YAG-caps and had a more frequent history of treated ocular diseases (OR 1.516 and 1.178, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This study brought new real-world and large-scale data regarding Nd:YAG-caps use and gave an updated insight into the patients' characteristics.

Impact of Initial Management on Disease Evolution in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome: A Retrospective Cohort of 50 Patients.

PURPOSE: The study aims to determine the impact of initial management in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome (VKHS). METHODS: Patients diagnosed with a VKHS between January 2001 and December 2020 in two French tertiary centers were included in a retrospective study. RESULTS: Fifty patients were included with a median duration of follow-up of 29.8 months. All patients received oral prednisone after methylprednisolone in all but four of them. Five patients received at least one associated immunosuppressive therapy (IST) within the first 6 months and 26 patients received IST during the entire follow-up period. Twenty-eight patients presented at least one relapse at a median of 5.4 months from diagnosis. Multivariate analyses demonstrated a significant association between relapse and delayed treatment (>26 days) (HR = 3.69, CI95% 1.30-10.47, p = .01), whereas no association was observed between relapse and the number of corticosteroid pulses at initial management. CONCLUSION: An early corticosteroid treatment within the first 26 days of symptoms decreased the relapse rate.

Cost Utility and Value of Information Analysis of Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery.

Importance: The efficacy and safety of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery is well documented. An important requirement for decision makers is the evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) over a sufficiently long horizon. Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of this treatment was a preplanned secondary objective of the Economic Evaluation of Femtosecond Laser Assisted Cataract Surgery (FEMCAT) trial. Objective: To estimate the cost utility of FLACS compared with phacoemulsification cataract surgery (PCS) on a 12-month time horizon. Design, Setting, and Participants: This multicenter randomized clinical trial compared FLACS with PCS in parallel groups. All FLACS procedures were performed using the CATALYS precision system. Participants were recruited and treated in ambulatory surgery settings in 5 university-hospital centers in France. All consecutive patients eligible for a unilateral or bilateral cataract surgery 22 years or older with written informed consent were included. Data were collected from October 2013 to October 2018, and data were analyzed from January 2020 to June 2022. Interventions: FLACS or PCS. Main Outcomes and Measures: Utility was measured through the Health Utility Index questionnaire. Costs of cataract surgery were estimated by microcosting. All inpatient and outpatient costs were collected from the French National Health Data System. Results: Of 870 randomized patients, 543 (62.4%) were female, and the mean (SD) age at surgery was 72.3 (8.6) years. A total of 440 patients were randomized to receive FLACS and 430 to receive PCS; the rate of bilateral surgery was 63.3% (551 of 870). The mean (SD) costs of cataract surgery were €1124.0 (€162.2; US $1235) for FLACS and €565.5 (€61.4; US $621) for PCS. The total mean (SD) cost of care at 12 months was €7085 (€6700; US $7787) in participants treated with FLACS and €6502 (€7323; US $7146) in participants treated with PCS. FLACS yielded a mean (SD) of 0.788 (0.009) quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and PCS yielded 0.792 (0.009) QALYs. The difference in mean costs was €545.9 (95% CI, -434.1 to 1525.8; US $600), and the difference in QALYs was -0.004 (95% CI, -0.028 to 0.021). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was -€136 476 (US $150 000) per QALY. The cost-effectiveness probability of FLACS compared with PCS was 15.7% for a cost-effectiveness threshold of €30 000 (US $32 973) per QALY. At this threshold, the expected value of perfect information was €246 139 079 (US $270 530 231). Conclusions and Relevance: The ICER of FLACS compared with PCS was not within the $50 000 to $100 000 per QALY range frequently cited as cost-effective. Additional research and development on FLACS is needed to improve its effectiveness and lower its price. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01982006.

Birdshot Chorioretinitis in Patients Aged 80 and Older.

PURPOSE: To assess the manifestations of birdshot chorioretinitis (BSCR) in patients aged 80 and over. DESIGN: Among patients with BSCR followed in the CO-BIRD prospective cohort (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05153057), we analyzed the subgroup of patients aged 80 and over. METHODS: Patients were assessed in a standardized manner. Confluent atrophy was defined as hypoautofluorescent spots on fundus autofluorescence (FAF). RESULTS: We included 39 (8.8%) of the 442 enrolled CO-BIRD patients. The mean age was 83.8 ± 3.7 years. The mean logMAR BCVA was 0.52 ± 0.76, with 30 patients (76.9%) having 20/40 or better in at least one eye. Thirty-five (89.7%) patients were receiving no treatment. Confluent atrophy in the posterior pole, disrupted retrofoveal ellipsoid zone and choroidal neovascularization were associated with logMAR BCVA >0.3 (p < .0001). CONCLUSION: In patients aged 80 and over we observed a striking heterogeneity of outcomes, but most retained a BCVA that allowed them to drive.

Total Keratometry Measured With a Swept-Source Optical Biometer Versus Anterior Keratometry: From Planning to Postoperative Results.

PURPOSE: To compare the influence of total keratometry (TK) versus anterior keratometry (K) measured with the swept-source optical biometer IOLMaster 700 (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG) on the planning of toric intraocular lenses (IOLs), and the error in predicted residual astigmatism (PRA). METHODS: This single-center retrospective study included 247 eyes of 180 patients. In eyes undergoing cataract surgery, the optimal toric IOL was calculated based on K or TK measured with the IOLMaster 700. Two formulas were used to estimate IOL power: Holladay and Barrett Toric. Optimal cylinder power and alignment axis change induced by using TK versus K were reported. PRA by each calculation method was compared with manifest refractive astigmatism. Postoperative refractive astigmatism prediction error was calculated using vector analysis. RESULTS: The optimal toric IOL based on TK compared with K was different in 39.3% of cases with the Holladay formula and 31.6% of cases with the Barrett Toric formula. The use of TK rather than K reduced the centroid error in PRA when calculated with the Holladay formula (P < .001), but not when calculated with the Barrett Toric formula (P = .19). The against-the-rule astigmatism subgroup analysis with the Barrett Toric formula showed a statistically significant decrease of centroid error in PRA with the use of TK compared with K (P = .01). CONCLUSIONS: TK compared with K measured with the IOL-Master 700 resulted in a change of optimal toric IOL in almost one-third of cases and decreased the error in PRA in patients with against-the-rule astigmatism. [J Refract Surg. 2023;39(4):257-264.].

Corticosteroids Decrease the Incidence and Activity of Choroidal Neovascularization in Patients with Punctuate Inner Choroidopathy or Multifocal Choroiditis.

PURPOSE: To assess the effect of corticosteroids (CS) on choroidal neovascularization (CNV) occurrence and recurrence of activity over 2 years in patients with punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC) or multifocal choroiditis (MFC). METHODS: Retrospective longitudinal study. Previous use of CS was analyzed between group without CNV and group with CNV occurrence and recurrence. RESULTS: Thirty-six patients were included. Patients with CNV were less likely to have received CS in the 6 months following PIC or MFC diagnosis (17% versus 65%, p-value = 0.01). Patients with CNV who had a recurrence of neovascular activity were less likely to have received a previous CS therapy (20% versus 78%; odds ratio = 0.08, p-value = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that patients with PIC and MFC should be treated by CS to prevent CNV development and decrease CNV recurrences.

Randomized multicenter trial to assess posterior capsule opacification and glistenings in two hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses.

To evaluate the long-term posterior capsule opacification (PCO) formation, and glistening rate of the HOYA Vivinex (XY1) IOL compared to Alcon AcrySof (SN60WF). In this prospective, multicentric, randomized, paired-eye, open-label study, we included 87 subjects that underwent cataract surgery with IOL implantation, with 67 patients completing the 3-year follow-up. The completer population consisted of 32 subjects implanted with XY1 and 35 implanted with SN60WF. Primary endpoints consisted of the evaluation of glistenings and measurement of PCO. Secondary outcomes included Best Corrected Distance Visual Acuity (BCVA), Contrast Acuity (CA), uncorrected visual acuities, subjective refraction, medical and lens complication rates, adverse events, and optical/visual symptoms. Follow-up visits occurred at 6-months, 1-, 2- and 3-years. At 3-years follow-up, mean PCO score was 0.121 ± 0.193 for eyes implanted with Vivinex versus 0.239 ± 0.463 for AcrySof (p = 0.026). The Vivinex IOL showed statistically significantly lower glistening occurrence through 3-years postoperatively (0.14 ± 0.26) compared to AcrySof (1.79 ± 1.43; p < 0.0001). Postoperative visual acuities improved from baseline in both IOL groups (p < 0.0001), and remained stable through the 3-year follow-up period. Eyes implanted with a HOYA Vivinex IOL exhibited significantly lower occurrence of glistening at 3-years versus Alcon AcrySof (p < 0.0001). Incidence of PCO was very low and comparable in both Vivinex and AcrySof eyes.

CMV-related anterior and intermediate uveitis in a kidney transplant recipient treated with belatacept.

INTRODUCTION: Belatacept is associated with a higher incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease and atypical presentations. Ocular manifestations are rare, representing up to 5% of disease manifestations and previous cases consisted in isolated retinitis. CASE DESCRIPTION: Herein, we report the case of an 81-year-old kidney transplant recipient who developed an anterior and intermediate uveitis under belatacept therapy. The diagnosis was established using quantitative CMV polymerase chain reaction assays in the aqueous humor. Belatacept was interrupted and oral and topical valganciclovir treatments were instituted. Lesions however extended, leading to intensify the treatment by intra-venous and intra-vitreal ganciclovir injections. Visual acuity stabilized and ocular inflammation was finally controlled after 3 months. CONCLUSION: Clinicians should be aware of CMV infection as a cause of anterior uveitis under belatacept-based regimen, even in the absence of symptoms suggestive of systemic CMV replication.

Hypervirulent Klebsiella Pneumoniae, an Emerging Cause of Endogenous Endophthalmitis in A French Center: A Comparative Cohort Study.

INTRODUCTION: Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) is the most common cause of endogenous endophthalmitis (EE) in Asia, but data in Europe are scarce. We describe eight cases of KP EE compared to a cohort of EE in a French center. METHODS: EE cases were retrospectively studied between January 2014 and January 2021. KP EE cases were analyzed to assess clinical, microbiological features, and outcome. RESULTS: Among the 33 EE cases identified, the first causative agent (24%, n = 8) was KP, mainly (7/8) with hypervirulent phenotype (hvKP). All but one of these cases occurred from December 2019 to January 2021. Contrary to non-KP patients, KP patients had multiple extraocular infective foci (p = .006), all presented with liver abscesses (p < .001), 50% had cerebral involvement (p = .13). Visual outcome was poor in both groups. CONCLUSION: KP is an emerging cause of EE in a French center, consistently associated with liver abscesses, frequent cerebral involvement, and predominance of hvKP strains.

Efficacy and safety of Aflibercept for the treatment of inflammatory choroidal neovascularization: The ALINEA study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate mean change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 52 weeks in patients with inflammatory choroidal neovascularization (CNV) treated with aflibercept. METHODS: We conducted a prospective non-comparative open-label trial. Following one mandatory intravitreal injection of aflibercept, patients were treated under a pro re nata (PRN) dosing regimen with monthly visits. RESULTS: A total of 19 patients were included, but one presented exclusion criteria; 16 patients were followed for the whole 52-week study, and data for the primary endpoint analysis were available for 14. At baseline, mean BCVA and mean central retinal thickness (CRT) were 64.53 (±19.64) letters and 351.79 (±97.77) µm, respectively. At 52 weeks, the mean change in BCVA was +9.50 (±12.90) letters [95%CI = +2.05-+16.95]. One patient had lost more than 15-letters at 24 weeks, and another one at 52 weeks. CRT change was -62.77 (±100.73) µm at 24 weeks and -66.53 (±97.47) µm at 52 weeks. There was a mean number of 3.56 (±3.29) intravitreal injections at 52 weeks (min = 1; max = 12). No serious ocular adverse events related to the treatment were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that aflibercept is clinically effective, both anatomically and functionally in the treatment of inflammatory CNV. Following the first injection, the PRN strategy appears sufficient for treating most choroidal neovessels.

Clinical, biological, and ophthalmological characteristics differentiating arteritic from non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To identify characteristics that can distinguish AAION from NAAION in emergency practice. METHODS: This is a multicentre retrospective case-control study. Ninety-four patients with AAION were compared to ninety-four consecutive patients with NAAION. We compared the clinical, biological, and ophthalmological characteristics at baseline of patients with AAION and those with NAAION. RESULTS: Patients with AAION were older and more likely to have arterial hypertension. Cephalic symptoms and acute-phase reactants were more frequent in AAION. Profound vision loss and bilateral involvement were more frequent in AAION at baseline. Central retinal and cilioretinal artery occlusions was only observed in AAION, and delayed choroidal perfusion was more frequently observed in AAION than in NAAION. Using logistic regression, an age >70 years (OR = 3.4, IC95% = 0.8-16.1, p = 0.105), absence of splinter haemorrhage (OR = 4.9, IC95% = 1.4-20.5, p = 0.019), delayed choroidal perfusion (OR = 7.2, IC95% = 2.0-28.0, p = 0.003), CRP > 7 mg/L (OR = 43.6, IC95% = 11.6-229.1, p < 0.001) and platelets >400 × G/L (OR = 27.5, IC95% = 4.6-270.9, p = 0.001) were independently associated with a diagnosis of AAION. An easy-to-use score based on these variables accurately distinguished AAION from NAAION with a sensitivity of 93.3% and specificity of 92.4%. CONCLUSION: In patients presenting with AION, a set of ophthalmological and laboratory criteria can efficiently discriminate patients with AAION and NAAION and can identify which patients would benefit from high-dose glucocorticoids. External validation of our results is required.

Incidence of Retinal Detachment, Macular Edema, and Ocular Hypertension after Neodymium:Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet Capsulotomy: A Population-Based Nationwide Study-The French YAG 2 Study.

PURPOSE: To estimate the incidence and assess the risk factors associated with 3 adverse events (AEs) after neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet posterior capsulotomy (Nd:YAG-caps): ocular hypertension (OHT), macular edema (ME), and retinal detachment (RD). DESIGN: Observational cohort study using a nationwide claims database. PARTICIPANTS: Adults who underwent Nd:YAG-caps between 2014 and 2017, with no ocular disease history in the year before. METHODS: Patients who underwent Nd:YAG-caps were identified using data from the French national representative sample and followed up for 12 months postprocedure. The time to AE was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Factors associated with AE were assessed using Cox models. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Neodymium:YAG-caps epidemiology, patients' characteristics, proportion of patients with AE, and hazard ratios (HRs) associated with variables identified as factors associated with AEs. RESULTS: During the study period, 6210 patients received Nd:YAG-caps (7958 procedures). The mean age (± standard deviation) at Nd:YAG-caps was 75.0 (± 10.3) years. The 3-month and 12-month overall AE rates (≥ 1 AE of interest) were 8.6% and 13.3%, respectively. Among patients with ≥ 1 AE of interest, 68.4% of AEs occurred within 3 months post-Nd:YAG-caps. Three-month rates were ≈5% for OHT and ME. Retinal detachment remained ≤ 0.5% over follow-up. Cox models showed that patients with Nd:YAG-caps performed within 1 year after cataract surgery had a higher risk of AEs than those with later Nd:YAG-caps (hazard ratio [HR], 1.314 [1.034-1.669], P = 0.0256), notably ME (HR, 1.500 [1.087-2.070], P = 0.0137). Diabetic patients were more at risk of OHT (HR, 1.233 [1.005-1.513], P = 0.0448) and ME (HR, 1.810 [1.446-2.266], P < 0.0001) than nondiabetic patients. Patients with Nd:YAG-caps performed between 1 and 2 years after cataract surgery were more at risk of OHT than patients with later Nd:YAG-caps (HR, 1.429 [1.185-1.723], P = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS: According to a national claims database, OHT and ME were the most frequent AEs of interest post-Nd:YAG-caps, mainly observed within 3 months postprocedure, highlighting the need for a close follow-up during this period or a delayed capsulotomy. Diabetes and an early Nd:YAG-caps after cataract surgery were among the main drivers for AE occurrence. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.

Bilateral Anterior Uveitis Following Paediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Temporally Associated with SARS-CoV-2 - Case Report and Focused Review.

Paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS) is a systemic hyperinflammatory state described in children recently infected with SARS-CoV-2. Ophthalmologically, non-purulent conjunctival injection is the most common symptom, but cases of uveitis have been described. Here, we present a case of bilateral granulomatous anterior uveitis in a 10-year-old boy, 12 days after diagnosis of PIMS-TS. Symptoms resolved after a week of topical treatment and there was no relapse after six months. We carried out a focus review on uveitis in children with PIMS-TS and found eight studies. All in all, 21 children were reported with a median age of 11.5 years. Most of them had bilateral anterior inflammation, without synechiae nor hypertonia, which lasted five to seven days and responded well to the use of corticoids. This symptom is a potential predictor of a more severe disease and this link should be further explored.